Type Of Word-formation Process Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION USED IN I AM MALALA NOVEL BY MALALA YOUSAFZAI

This study aims to analyze the types and the most dominant type of word formation process used in a novel entitled I Am Malala by Malala Yousafzai. A qualitative descriptive is used as a research design. The data consist of words that experience word-formation process. This study analyzed words using Yule's (2006) theory. Coinage, Suppletion, Compounding, Blending, Clipping, Back-Formation, Conversion, Acronym, Derivation, and other processes were included. There are seven of nine word-formation types found from the data analyzed. The results of this study show that 633 words experience the word-formation process. Five words of coinages (0. 79%), 34 words of suppletion (5. 37%), 130 words of compounding (20. 55%), 5 words of clippings (0. 79%), 14 words of back-formations (2. 21%), 53 words of acronyms (8. 37%) and 392 words of derivations (61. 92%). The most prevalent type of word formation found is derivation. It comprises 61.92% of the general term. Derivation has 392 words out of 633 words.  Keywords: word-formation process, novel, Malala

Word Formation Process in Adele’s “30” Song Album: A Comprehensive Morphological Analysis

This research aims to analyze comprehensively morphological process of word formation in song album “30” by Adele. Word formation focuses on the process of making or constructing new words based on other words or morphemes. Descriptive qualitative method was applied since the data were in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. The theory proposed by Yule (2017) was used in analyzing the word formation process. The data of this research were 12 songs contained in song album “30” by Adele. Based on the analysis, it was found that there were 6 types out of 14 types of word formation process in song album “30” by Adele. Specifically, this research found 44 data of word formation process. There were 6 data of compounding, 1 data of clipping, 1 data of backformation, 1 data of acronyms, 2 data of derivation and 33 data of prefixes and suffixes.  Prefixes and suffixes were concluded as the most dominant type of word formation process that was found in song album “30” by Adele.

Word Formation Processes Found on Shopee Live Streaming

 
 Language is always developing and changing. It can be marked by the emergence of new words or new terms that come from various ways. A very striking development of new terms occurred in the field of commerce. Sellers often choose unique or catchy terms or words to entice buyers to join their live stream. With limited words they can type as their live Shopee title, sellers focus on communicating effectively and efficiently.  This study aims to analyze several types of word formation processes found on Shopee Live streaming following the theory from Yule (2006). This research is expected to increase understanding of the word formation process contained in Shopee Live streaming. This research method is descriptive qualitative. Data were taken from written texts; such as titles that appear on Shopee Live Streaming and those performed by different Shopee sellers and then they were analyzed in the form of essays. The texts to be analyzed appear on the top left of the buyer's screen while the streaming is in progress. The findings showed that there were 219 words with a variety of formation processes. Borrowing, which involved 131 data, was the most dominant type used by the sellers. By this research, it is hoped that it can explore something that is developing in the community regarding the phenomenon of the use of new words or the mixing of words from Indonesian with English or with local languages, especially on online marketplace.
  
  
  

ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION PROCESS IN ONLINE SHOP’S TERMINOLOGIES

This study is to analyzes the type of word formation process of terms in online shops. Thisresearch used descriptive qualitative. The result of the analysis shows four types of wordformation process in online shops, namely derivation, compounding, clipping, and acronym.The derivation is the process of forming words by giving affixes to the word, so results in newword formation causes a change in word-class and its meaning. The examples of suffix are -er,-or, -al, -ment, -ed, –ing in the words “Seller, Buyer, Supplier, Retailer, Counter, Hanger,Customer, Testimonial, Endorsement, Payment, Booked, Trusted, Shipping, Booking,Packaging”. The examples of the prefix is re- in the words “Return, Refund, Restock,Refurbish”. Compounding is the process of forming words by combining two or more classesof words into a new form such as in the words “Handmade, Dropship, Download, Upload,Cashback, Online, Offline, Stockroom, Showroom, Giveaway, Fullset, Checkout”. Clipping is theprocess of forming words by cutting parts of the word itself or forming words from words thathave more than one syllable that gets the word cutting process at the beginning or end such asin the words “Advertisement (Ad), Original (Ori), Brother (Bro), Sister (Sist)”. The acronym isthe process of formation by taking from the initial letter in each syllable arranged to mentionthe abbreviation or extension of a term, so the result can be pronounced as a word. Forexample in the words “COD (Cash on Delivery), PO (Pre Order), DP (Down Payment), FP (FullPayment), PL (Price List), (PM) Private Message, IDR (Indonesian Rupiahs), WTB (Want toBuy), WTS (Want to Sell), WS (WholeSale), ATC (Add to Chart), RC (Recommended Seller).Keywords: word-formation, word-formation process, online shop, terms, morphology

Exploring The Slang Word Formation Processes Found in Girlboss Tv Series

The purpose of this study was to investigate the formation of slang words used by Sophia, the main character of the Girlboss TV Series. The writer conducted this study to determine the types of word formations formed in Sophia's slang words in each episode and the morphological processes involved in the creation of those slang words. Additionally, this study was carried out in a qualitative approach. The writer used the theory of word formation and morphology by Yule (2020) in her study. The findings revealed that compounding, blending, clipping, coinage, acronyms, derivation, and multiple processes were all used in the formation of slang words used by the main character in the Girlboss. Meanwhile, borrowing, backformation, hypocorism, and conversion were not found in the data analysed. Based on their respective origin words and the theory of the types of word formation processes, the slang words that appear in these 11 episodes are divided into several different types of word formation. In short, it showed that the main character of Girlboss TV series often uses slang when communicating with their peers, some of which are in the form of abbreviations, modified elements from original words, and some use new words.

Analysis of Word Formation Processes on Cosmetic Product Descriptions in U.S Celebrities’ Beauty Brands

This research explored the types of word formation processes in the descriptions of cosmetic products. This descriptive qualitative study employed the classification of word formation processes proposed by Yule’s (2010)—derivation, compounding, conversion, borrowing, blending, acronym, backformation, coinage, clipping, and multiple processes to analyze the data. The data were taken from the descriptions of cosmetic products in the beauty brands by U.S celebrities—Fenty Beauty, Rare Beauty, Kylie Cosmetics, and Florence by Mills which were released and in production in April, 2022. This study discovered 125 word-formation processes including derivation (42), conversion (29), multiple processes (17), compounding (16), clipping (8), borrowing (7), acronym (3), coinage (2), and blending (1). This study implies that derivation is the most frequently used in the product descriptions, suggesting that the use of derivation creates adjectives that modifies the products.

A Morphological Analysis Focusing on Word Formation Processes of Indonesian Pageant Lover’s Register in Instagram Comment

  Pageant lovers (PLs) in Indonesia use special registers in communicating with each other in their group when discussing pageants on their Instagram accounts. This study aims to find out what types of word-formation processes are found in the register of pageant lovers (PLs) in Indonesia and explain the meaning of that register and how it is translated into English. The data in this study are all words, phrases and sentences, as well as PLs conversational dialogues taken from captions and comments on several PLs Instagram accounts in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The data is analyzed through linguistic characteristics to examine the types of word-formation processes and translate them into English from the data collected. The results of the study show that the PL register in Indonesia has types of word formation, namely (1) Blending: boti, natdir, gercep, gaje, gece etc. (2) Clipping: unfoll-unfollow, parno-paranoid, etc. (3) Acronym: OMG, etc. (4) Coinage: deseu, deswita, alemong, keron, gorjes, alemong, pewong, mekiwati, kenti, buleleng, centong, bensiyong, udin, adindut, luk laik, etc. (5) reduplication: merong-merong, lobi-lobi, jor-joran, henpik-henpik, kaleng-kaleng etc. (6) Abbreviation: PHP, IDL, MU, MS, MGI, MW etc. (7) Compounding: swimsuit, catwalk, etc.

Word Formation Process of Slang Word Used by Gamers In The Game Online “Mobile Legend”

This research analyzes about word formation process of slang word used by gamers in the game online “Mobile Legend”. The purposes of this research are to classify and to analyze the types of word formation processes of slang words used by gamers  using theory word formation process by  Yule (2010) and  Katamba (2005) and to describe the meaning of slang words used by gamers. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data is formed of slang word in chat feature by gamers. In collecting the data, the researcher used  participant observational method (SLC). Then, the analysis in this research, the researcher used agih method (distributional method) and used Segmenting Immediate Constituents Techniques (Teknik Bagi Unsur langsung/BUL) as the basic technique and delition technique (teknik lesap) as an advanced technique.
 The results of this research are stated as follows. Firstly, six types of word formation process  in slang word used by gamers; abbreviation, acronym, borrowing, compounding, multiple process, and clipping. Then, the researcher found twelve slang words that utterances by gamer. While for word formation process, the type that dominant is compounding. In the meaning of slang word, the researcher only finds two from seven types of meaning by Leech (1981), they are: firstly social meaning and secondly connotative meaning.

WORD FORMATION ANALYSIS FOUND IN ENGLISH SLANGS USED BY JUSTIN BIEBER ON INSTAGRAM

This study aimed to find out the word-formations in English slang utilized on Instagram captions posted by Justin Bieber. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method to capture the process of word-formation in Justin Bieber’s English slang. In this study, the writers used the theory of Yule about the word-formation process for analyzing the data of English slang. The writers obtained the data through reading, capturing, and understanding the captions posted during a year (June 2020 – June 2021). Based on the data analysis, seven out of ten types of word-formation processes in English slang were used by Justin Bieber in his Instagram caption. They are (1) Clipping, (2) Blending, (3) Acronym, (4) Borrowing, (5) Derivation, (6) Coinage, and (7) Multi Processes. The most frequent type of word formation process used by Justin Bieber on Instagram is clipping with the 47 data’s frequency (54%). This study implies that Justin Bieber frequently used clipping to make short the words on every posted video or photo so his followers can easily understand his feeling.

Processos de lexicalització en llengua de signes catalana de denominacions de l'àmbit del moviment associatiu sordsignant

Summary: This contribution aims to analyse the types of word formation processes for signs denominating Catalan Deaf organisations in Catalan Sign Language. First, a corpus has been created from video-signed texts by identifying and extracting terms of the associate-member organisations. Second, a terminological data file template has been designed using common standard criteria to feed a terminological database. Following the group’s previous work (Jarque, Bosch-Baliarda, & Codorniu, 2019), 4 types of lexicalisation processes have been analysed: formal (e.g. compounding, blending), functional (e.g lexicalisation, zero derivation), borrowing (e.g loanwords, mouthings) and semantic (e.g semantic change, extension). The cognitive mechanisms involved (conceptual metaphor and metonymy) are also described. The analysis is framed within the construction-based theoretical models and points out the need to establish new complex non-linear models to explain the multiple processes involved. Keywords: Catalan Sign Language, compounding, construction, constructional approach, lexical creation, multi-word unit, word-formation process, signing deaf community

Proper name within the framework of nomination. The case of eponyms

Abstract The paper explores deonymic nomination, i.e. the formation of appellatives (eponyms) from proper names. By an eponym, any type of non-onymic unit formed from proper name is understood. The analysis is conducted using a database of 1,250 eponyms from Slovník slovenských eponym (Dictionary of Slovak Eponyms; Ološtiak et al., 2018) and a theory of lexical motivation as a methodological background is applied. From this viewpoint, formation of eponyms can be characterized as the loss of onymic motivation (onymic demotivation) and at the same time the acquisition of another type of motivation depending on the type of word-formation process (in a broader sense). In this regard, a word-formation process is understood as any way of coining a new lexeme (one-word unit, multiword expression, new meaning, abbreviation, borrowing etc.). Eponyms are frequently coined by derivation (word-formation motivation, e.g. Albert ‘Albert County (Canada)’ → albertit ‘albertite’, Heine → heineovský ‘of or relating to H. Heine’) and by semantic shift with no part-of-speech change (semantic motivation, e.g. Pascal → pascal). Other processes are rare: part-of-speech change with no shift in morphemics (morphological motivation, e.g. Ježiš (noun) ‘Jesus’→ ježiš (interjection) ‘Jesus, an expression of emotion – surprise, anger, shock etc.’), abbreviation (abbreviation motivation, e.g. Mikojan + Gurevič → mig ‘a military aircraft’). In Slovak, most of the eponyms are loanwords (97.4%), thus, a special position is occupied by interlingual motivation.

Word Formation in Text Messaging

This study is concerned with morphological processes. The objective of the study was to analyze the word formation process used in text messaging using descriptive methods. The researcher analysed the collected expressions, which were derived from thirty SMS texts on the researcher’s mobile phone, to identify the types of word formation processes which cannot be found in an Indonesian dictionary. There were 148 expressions found in the text messaging. There were six aspects of word formation process, namely clipping (52%), borrowing (22%), multiple process (20%), acronym (3%), miscellany (2%) and blending (1%). Therefore, clipping was the most dominant type used in text messaging.
 Keywords: Word Formation, Morphological Process, Text messaging

SLANG WORDS OF INDONESIAN ARTIST TEENAGERS ON INSTAGRAM

 This research observes about the slang words used by teenage artist in Indonesian by using the Yule George theory to the type of word formation process, and Leech G on the meaning of slang words used by Indonesian teenage artist to analyze the slang words. This research examines the types and meaning of slang words that many Indonesian teenage artist use to find out how the types and meaning of slang words are used. This research implies the theory of Yule George’s slang type and the meaning of Leech G’s slang which has several theories, including for the types of word formation process there are acronym, blending, clipping and coinage, while for the meaning of slang words there are denotative and connotative meaning. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Researchers also applied Yule George and Leech G’s theory to this research to provide a better understanding of how the types and meanings of slang words that are widely used by Indonesian teenage artist. Researchers collected data from capturing slang words screens on the Instagram application. The result is that the acronym type of slang word formation process is more or often used by Indonesian teenage artist, while the meaning of slang words that appears and is used the most is the connotative meaning.Keywords: Slang Words, Indonesian Artist Teenagers, Instagram Application.

Word formation process of terms in COVID-19 pandemic

The objectives of this research are to know the type and examples of the word-formation process of the terms that appear during pandemic Covid-19. This research uses qualitative research. From the result analysis, some types of word-formation processes include borrowing, compounding, blending, acronym, clipping, and multiple processes. In borrowing, for example, the words “Rapid test” and “Swab test”.  In compounding, for example, the words “handsanitizer, lockdown, coronacoma, coronaspeck and self-quarantine”. In blending, for example, the words ‘covid, covidiot, covidient, quarantini, infodemic, quaranteam, coronials, covexit, covidivorce, quaranteen and coroncation”. In clipping, for example, the words ‘sanny” and “iso”. The word “sanny’ comes from “hand sanitizer” and “Iso” comes from “isolation”. In the acronym, for example, the initials WFH (Work from Home), PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), WFO (Work from Office), and PUI (Person Under Investigation). In multiple processes for example the words “handwashing”, zoomboombing, coronababies, self-isolation”.

The Use of Arabic Neologisms in Social Media Applications

This study examines the use of Arabic neologisms in social media applications. It depicts the nature and size of this transformation, and the types of word formation processes which contributed to this phenomenon. The data for this research are collected from two sources: (1) major social media platforms, namely Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp, among others, and (2) the responses of 100 university (under-graduate and post-graduate) students to a limited set of questions in which they are asked to (1) list the most commonly used Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and social media-motived terms, especially those which have been adapted to and integrated into the Arabic language morpho-phonemic and syntactic system (spoken and/or written), (2) show how often they use those terms especially when an Arabic equivalent/counterpart is available, and (3) give reasons for why they use them. The study shows that use of neologisms is attributed to reasons of practicality and convenience, accuracy and relevance, trendiness and internationalization, in addition to lack of equivalence in the Arabic language system. Further, the following processes which mark the integration of neologisms into the Arabic language system are identified: loan blends, syntactic changes, morpho-syntactic changes, phonemic changes, abbreviations and clipping..

On the problem of interaction of different types of word building processes in formation of potential and occasional words.

The possibility or impossibility of their formation is determined both by systematic regularities of connection of word-building elements, and by extralinguistic conditions. The article deals with the problems of motivation and being motivated in world building processes, as well as with the types of word building processes in the formation of deverbative nouns.  The interaction of various types of word formation processes in building potential and occasional words is explored.

AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN BEATS APART NOVEL BY ALANDA KARIZA AND KEVIN ADITYA

This research discusses word formation process used in Beats Aparts novel By Alanda Kariza And Kevin Aditya. The aims to describe how are English word created and found out types of word formation processes. To analyze the data found the researchers applied English word formation in English morphology.This is qualitative descriptive research. The data were taken from Beats A parts novel By Alanda Kariza And Kevin Aditya. The main theory which was used in this  research is taken from the book under the title The Study of Language , Third Edition byYule (2006). The result of this research showed that the process of borrowing from other language, there were Spain, China, French, Italy and Germany. The process of compounding, found out some category, there wereAdv + N, Adv + Adv, Adv + Adj, Adv + V, Adj + N, Adj + Adv, Adj + V, V + N, V + Adj, N + N, N + Adv, N + Adj, N + V. The process of clipping found out two category, there are foreclipped and backclipped. The process of conversion only found word from noun became adverb. The process of derivation consist from adding prefix such us un-, re-, dis-, im-. Adding suffix such us –ly, -ish, -er, -ness, -ion / tion, -able,  -ful, -ship, -ment, -ate, -r, -en, -ity, -tic, -ism, -al, -ar. Adding infix such us –s-, -ly-, -bor-. The process of multiple processes is all words including multiple processes in this research have a word that covers the processes of back formation and derivation. This research found out types of English word formation processes such as borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, back formation, conversion, acronyms,derivation and multiple processes. The researcher hopes that this research can improve the knowledge about morphology, especially in word formation. Key words: Morphology, Word formation, Novel

AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN BEATS APART NOVEL BY ALANDA KARIZA AND KEVIN ADITYA

This research discusses word formation process used in Beats Aparts novel By Alanda Kariza And Kevin Aditya. The aims to describe how are English word created and found out types of word formation processes. To analyze the data found the researchers applied English word formation in English morphology.This is qualitative descriptive research. The data were taken from Beats A parts novel By Alanda Kariza And Kevin Aditya. The main theory which was used in this  research is taken from the book under the titleThe Study of Language,Third Edition byYule (2006). The result of this research showed that the process of borrowing from other language, there were Spain, China, French, Italy and Germany. The process of compounding, found out some category, there wereAdv + N, Adv + Adv, Adv + Adj, Adv + V, Adj + N, Adj + Adv, Adj + V, V + N, V + Adj, N + N, N + Adv, N + Adj, N + V. The process of clipping found out two category, there are foreclipped and backclipped. The process of conversion only found word from noun became adverb. The process of derivation consist from adding prefix such us un-, re-, dis-, im-. Adding suffix such us –ly, -ish, -er, -ness, -ion / tion, -able,  -ful, -ship, -ment, -ate, -r, -en, -ity, -tic, -ism, -al, -ar. Adding infix such us –s-, -ly-, -bor-. The process of multiple processes is all words including multiple processes in this research have a word that covers the processes of back formation and derivation. This research found out types of English word formation processes such as borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, back formation, conversion, acronyms,derivation and multiple processes. The researcher hopes that this research can improve the knowledge about morphology, especially in word formation. Key words: Morphology, Word formation, Novel

AN ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION PROCESS IN WRITTEN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE ELEVENTH GRADERS OF SMA NEGERI 1 CANDIMULYO IN THE SCHOOL YEAR OF 2017/2018

Writing is considered difficult skill to be learned. It needs the ability to express ideas that should be stated clearly, efficiently in a written form. In learning writing, the students will have a chance to do that through descriptive text. They have to give much attention on words choices to build the text. The students usually focus on the vocabulary because it will take time to analyze the process in the creation of words. Word formation process is important to gives knowledge about the rules on how to create a new word. The research’s aims are to describe the types of word formation process found in descriptive text written by the eleventh graders of SMAN 1 Candimulyo and to find the type of word formation process that are mostly used in descriptive text written by the eleventh graders of SMAN 1 Candimulyo. The subject is the eleventh graders’ descriptive text compositions of class XI MIPA 1 of  SMAN 1 Candimulyo in the school year of 2017/2018. The results revealed, the total number of word formation process are 151 words, contributed in 8 types out of 11. Initialization, acronym are counted separately. They are 68 inflections or 45.03%, 46 derivations or 30.46%, 14 compoundings or 9.27%, 8 initializations or 5.30%, 6 coinages or 3.98%, 4 acronyms or 2.65%, 4 multiple processes or 2.65%, and 1 clipping or 0.66%. The most dominant type is inflections, 45.03%. The lowest is clipping in which there is 1 clipping out of 151 words or 0.66%.

WORD FORMATION IN FACEBOOK CONVERSATION; A STUDY AT A GROUP PRODI ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FKIP UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MATARAM IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-2016

This study was aimed at finding out “ Word Formation In Facebook Conversation; A Study At A Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram In Academic Year 2015-2016 ”. The method of this research is qualitative research was using case study, the participant of this research is a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram, for five months from January to May the total was followed in Facebook conversation was three persons (teachers), and the whole of students were 20 persons. The instruments for collecting the data by using note taking. To analyze the data, the researcher classified word formation produced, and then the researcher analyzing the data. Based on this research it showed that there was 7words formation on facebook conversation in a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram, consist of 1 Coinage, 5 of Blending, 5 of Clipping, 1 of Back- Formation, 7 of Reduplication, 1 of Compounding, 15 of Acronym. So the total word formation for all of the data was 35 data, which was used on a Facebook conversation in a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram. The dominant type of word formation process that occurs on facebook conversation, in a Group Prodi English Department FKIP University Muhammadiyah of Mataram was Acronym, which is 15 data.